

I’ve been running with an RX 580 on my desktop with Debian Testing for three years, and I’ve had no problems like this.
I’m running with a 750W power supply, so I’m inclined to agree that the the OP should pop open their PC case and check their wattage. Assuming this is an ATX box, it’s probably just a matter of removing two screws and sliding off the side of the case and reading the wattage. If it’s a reasonable wattage and it’s still giving issues, then try the aforementioned undervolting.
Just to clarify, this almost certainly won’t be better on Mint for several reasons. One, PopOS! and Mint are both based on Ubuntu, so they would likely run into a lot of the same issues. I also have an RX 580, and while I haven’t used either of these distros on that machine, I have run Debian Testing for several years, and since both these distros descend from Debian, I have run similar package versions and would likely have known years ago if a major bug occurred for my GPU.
As said by @[email protected] below, I would be inclined to check the power supply, and maybe even make sure the PCIe card is properly seated.